导入模块 ¶

PyObject * PyImport_ImportModule ( const char *name ) ¶

返回值：新引用。

这是简化接口对于 PyImport_ImportModuleEx() below, leaving the globals and locals arguments set to NULL and level set to 0. When the name argument contains a dot (when it specifies a submodule of a package), the fromlist argument is set to the list ['*'] so that the return value is the named module rather than the top-level package containing it as would otherwise be the case. (Unfortunately, this has an additional side effect when name in fact specifies a subpackage instead of a submodule: the submodules specified in the package’s __all__ variable are loaded.) Return a new reference to the imported module, or NULL with an exception set on failure. Before Python 2.4, the module may still be created in the failure case — examine sys.modules to find out. Starting with Python 2.4, a failing import of a module no longer leaves the module in sys.modules .

2.4 版改变： Failing imports remove incomplete module objects.

2.6 版改变： Always uses absolute imports.

PyObject * PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock ( const char *name ) ¶

This version of PyImport_ImportModule() does not block. It’s intended to be used in C functions that import other modules to execute a function. The import may block if another thread holds the import lock. The function PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock() never blocks. It first tries to fetch the module from sys.modules and falls back to PyImport_ImportModule() unless the lock is held, in which case the function will raise an ImportError .

2.6 版新增。

PyObject * PyImport_ImportModuleEx ( char *name , PyObject *globals , PyObject *locals , PyObject *fromlist ) ¶

返回值：新引用。

Import a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in Python function __import__() , as the standard __import__() function calls this function directly.

The return value is a new reference to the imported module or top-level package, or NULL with an exception set on failure (before Python 2.4, the module may still be created in this case). Like for __import__() , the return value when a submodule of a package was requested is normally the top-level package, unless a non-empty fromlist was given.

2.4 版改变： Failing imports remove incomplete module objects.

2.6 版改变： The function is an alias for PyImport_ImportModuleLevel() with -1 as level, meaning relative import.

PyObject * PyImport_ImportModuleLevel ( char *name , PyObject *globals , PyObject *locals , PyObject *fromlist , int level ) ¶

返回值：新引用。

Import a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in Python function __import__() , as the standard __import__() function calls this function directly.

The return value is a new reference to the imported module or top-level package, or NULL with an exception set on failure. Like for __import__() , the return value when a submodule of a package was requested is normally the top-level package, unless a non-empty fromlist was given.

2.5 版新增。

PyObject * PyImport_Import ( PyObject *name ) ¶

返回值：新引用。

This is a higher-level interface that calls the current “import hook function”. It invokes the __import__() 函数从 __builtins__ of the current globals. This means that the import is done using whatever import hooks are installed in the current environment, e.g. by rexec or ihooks .

2.6 版改变： Always uses absolute imports.

PyObject * PyImport_ReloadModule ( PyObject *m ) ¶

返回值：新引用。

Reload a module. This is best described by referring to the built-in Python function reload() , as the standard reload() function calls this function directly. Return a new reference to the reloaded module, or NULL with an exception set on failure (the module still exists in this case).

PyObject * PyImport_AddModule ( const char *name ) ¶

返回值：借位引用。

Return the module object corresponding to a module name. The name argument may be of the form package.module . First check the modules dictionary if there’s one there, and if not, create a new one and insert it in the modules dictionary. Return NULL with an exception set on failure.

注意

This function does not load or import the module; if the module wasn’t already loaded, you will get an empty module object. Use PyImport_ImportModule() or one of its variants to import a module. Package structures implied by a dotted name for name are not created if not already present.

PyObject * PyImport_ExecCodeModule ( char *name , PyObject *co ) ¶

返回值：新引用。

Given a module name (possibly of the form package.module ) and a code object read from a Python bytecode file or obtained from the built-in function compile() , load the module. Return a new reference to the module object, or NULL with an exception set if an error occurred. Before Python 2.4, the module could still be created in error cases. Starting with Python 2.4, name is removed from sys.modules in error cases, and even if name was already in sys.modules on entry to PyImport_ExecCodeModule() . Leaving incompletely initialized modules in sys.modules is dangerous, as imports of such modules have no way to know that the module object is an unknown (and probably damaged with respect to the module author’s intents) state.

模块的 __file__ attribute will be set to the code object’s co_filename .

This function will reload the module if it was already imported. See PyImport_ReloadModule() for the intended way to reload a module.

若 name points to a dotted name of the form package.module , any package structures not already created will still not be created.

2.4 版改变： name is removed from sys.modules in error cases.

PyObject * PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx ( char *name , PyObject *co , char *pathname ) ¶

返回值：新引用。

像 PyImport_ExecCodeModule() ，但 __file__ attribute of the module object is set to pathname if it is non- NULL .

long PyImport_GetMagicNumber ( ) ¶

Return the magic number for Python bytecode files (a.k.a. .pyc and .pyo files). The magic number should be present in the first four bytes of the bytecode file, in little-endian byte order.

PyObject * PyImport_GetModuleDict ( ) ¶

返回值：借位引用。

返回用于管理模块的字典 (也称为 sys.modules )。注意，这是每解释器变量。

PyObject * PyImport_GetImporter ( PyObject *path ) ¶

Return an importer object for a sys.path / pkg.__path__ item path ，可能通过抓取它从 sys.path_importer_cache dict. If it wasn’t yet cached, traverse sys.path_hooks until a hook is found that can handle the path item. Return None if no hook could; this tells our caller it should fall back to the built-in import mechanism. Cache the result in sys.path_importer_cache . Return a new reference to the importer object.

2.6 版新增。

void _PyImport_Init ( ) ¶

初始化导入机制。仅供内部使用。

void PyImport_Cleanup ( ) ¶

清空模块表。仅供内部使用。

void _PyImport_Fini ( ) ¶

定稿导入机制。仅供内部使用。

PyObject * _PyImport_FindExtension ( char * , char * ) ¶

仅供内部使用。

PyObject * _PyImport_FixupExtension ( char * , char * ) ¶

仅供内部使用。

int PyImport_ImportFrozenModule ( char *name ) ¶

加载的冻结模块名为 name 。返回 1 对于成功， 0 若找不到模块，和 -1 with an exception set if the initialization failed. To access the imported module on a successful load, use PyImport_ImportModule() . (Note the misnomer — this function would reload the module if it was already imported.)

struct _frozen ¶

This is the structure type definition for frozen module descriptors, as generated by the freeze utility (see Tools/freeze/ in the Python source distribution). Its definition, found in Include/import.h , is:

struct _frozen {
    char *name;
    unsigned char *code;
    int size;
};
							

struct _frozen * PyImport_FrozenModules ¶

此指针被初始化成指向数组为 struct _frozen 记录，被终止当其每一成员都是 NULL 或 0。当冻结模块被导入时，在此表中搜索它。第 3 方代码可以按此玩点技巧，以提供动态创建的冻结模块的集合。

int PyImport_AppendInittab ( const char *name , void ( *initfunc )(void) ) ¶

将单个模块添加到现有内置模块表。这是方便包裹器围绕 PyImport_ExtendInittab() ，返回 -1 若表无法被扩展。可以导入新模块通过名称 name ，和使用函数 initfunc as the initialization function called on the first attempted import. This should be called before Py_Initialize() .

struct _inittab ¶

Structure describing a single entry in the list of built-in modules. Each of these structures gives the name and initialization function for a module built into the interpreter. Programs which embed Python may use an array of these structures in conjunction with PyImport_ExtendInittab() to provide additional built-in modules. The structure is defined in Include/import.h as:

struct _inittab {
    char *name;
    void (*initfunc)(void);
};
						

int PyImport_ExtendInittab ( struct _inittab *newtab ) ¶

将模块集合添加到内置模块表。 newtab array must end with a sentinel entry which contains NULL 为 name field; failure to provide the sentinel value can result in a memory fault. Returns 0 当成功时或 -1 if insufficient memory could be allocated to extend the internal table. In the event of failure, no modules are added to the internal table. This should be called before Py_Initialize() .

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