There are several useful utilities provided in the email.utils 模块：
Return a new string with backslashes in str replaced by two backslashes, and double quotes replaced by backslash-double quote.
返回新的字符串，其是 unquoted 版本的 str 。若 str ends and begins with double quotes, they are stripped off. Likewise if str ends and begins with angle brackets, they are stripped off.
Parse address – which should be the value of some address-containing field such as 到 or Cc – into its constituent realname and email address parts. Returns a tuple of that information, unless the parse fails, in which case a 2-tuple of ('', '') 被返回。
逆 parseaddr() , this takes a 2-tuple of the form (realname, email_address) and returns the string value suitable for a 到 or Cc header. If the first element of pair is false, then the second element is returned unmodified.
This method returns a list of 2-tuples of the form returned by parseaddr() . fieldvalues is a sequence of header field values as might be returned by Message.get_all . Here’s a simple example that gets all the recipients of a message:
from email.utils import getaddresses tos = msg.get_all('to', []) ccs = msg.get_all('cc', []) resent_tos = msg.get_all('resent-to', []) resent_ccs = msg.get_all('resent-cc', []) all_recipients = getaddresses(tos + ccs + resent_tos + resent_ccs)
Attempts to parse a date according to the rules in RFC 2822 . however, some mailers don’t follow that format as specified, so parsedate() tries to guess correctly in such cases. date is a string containing an RFC 2822 date, such as "Mon, 20 Nov 1995 19:12:08 -0500" . If it succeeds in parsing the date, parsedate() returns a 9-tuple that can be passed directly to time.mktime() ；否则 None will be returned. Note that indexes 6, 7, and 8 of the result tuple are not usable.
Performs the same function as parsedate() , but returns either None or a 10-tuple; the first 9 elements make up a tuple that can be passed directly to time.mktime() , and the tenth is the offset of the date’s timezone from UTC (which is the official term for Greenwich Mean Time) [1] . If the input string has no timezone, the last element of the tuple returned is None . Note that indexes 6, 7, and 8 of the result tuple are not usable.
Turn a 10-tuple as returned by parsedate_tz() into a UTC timestamp (seconds since the Epoch). If the timezone item in the tuple is None , assume local time.
返回日期字符串按每 RFC 2822 ，如：
Fri, 09 Nov 2001 01:08:47 -0000
可选 timeval if given is a floating point time value as accepted by time.gmtime() and time.localtime() ，否则使用当前时间。
可选 localtime is a flag that when True , interprets timeval , and returns a date relative to the local timezone instead of UTC, properly taking daylight savings time into account. The default is False meaning UTC is used.
可选 usegmt is a flag that when True , outputs a date string with the timezone as an ascii string GMT , rather than a numeric -0000 . This is needed for some protocols (such as HTTP). This only applies when localtime is False 。默认为 False .
2.4 版新增。
Returns a string suitable for an RFC 2822 -compliant Message-ID header. Optional idstring if given, is a string used to strengthen the uniqueness of the message id.
编码字符串 s 根据 RFC 2231 。可选 charset and 语言 , if given is the character set name and language name to use. If neither is given, s is returned as-is. If charset is given but 语言 is not, the string is encoded using the empty string for 语言 .
当编码头参数按 RFC 2231 格式， Message.get_param may return a 3-tuple containing the character set, language, and value. collapse_rfc2231_value() turns this into a unicode string. Optional errors 被传递给 errors argument of the built-in unicode() function; it defaults to replace 。可选 fallback_charset specifies the character set to use if the one in the RFC 2231 header is not known by Python; it defaults to us-ascii .
为方便起见，若 value passed to collapse_rfc2231_value() is not a tuple, it should be a string and it is returned unquoted.
Decode parameters list according to RFC 2231 . params is a sequence of 2-tuples containing elements of the form (content-type, string-value) .
2.4 版改变： The dump_address_pair() function has been removed; use formataddr() 代替。
2.4 版改变： The decode() function has been removed; use the Header.decode_header method instead.
2.4 版改变： The encode() function has been removed; use the Header.encode method instead.
脚注
| [1] | Note that the sign of the timezone offset is the opposite of the sign of the time.timezone variable for the same timezone; the latter variable follows the POSIX standard while this module follows RFC 2822 . |
