24.6. IDLE ¶

24.6.1. Menus ¶

24.6.1.1. File menu ¶

New file

create a new file editing window

Open...

open an existing file

Open module...

open an existing module (searches sys.path)

Class browser

show classes and methods in current file

Path browser

show sys.path directories, modules, classes and methods

保存

save current window to the associated file (unsaved windows have a * before and after the window title)

Save As...

save current window to new file, which becomes the associated file

Save Copy As...

save current window to different file without changing the associated file

关闭

close current window (asks to save if unsaved)

Exit

close all windows and quit IDLE (asks to save if unsaved)

24.6.1.2. Edit menu ¶

Undo

Undo last change to current window (max 1000 changes)

Redo

Redo last undone change to current window

剪切

Copy selection into system-wide clipboard; then delete selection

拷贝

Copy selection into system-wide clipboard

粘贴

Insert system-wide clipboard into window

选择所有

Select the entire contents of the edit buffer

Find...

Open a search dialog box with many options

Find again

Repeat last search

Find selection

Search for the string in the selection

Find in Files...

Open a search dialog box for searching files

Replace...

Open a search-and-replace dialog box

Go to line

Ask for a line number and show that line

Indent region

Shift selected lines right 4 spaces

Dedent region

Shift selected lines left 4 spaces

Comment out region

Insert ## in front of selected lines

Uncomment region

Remove leading # or ## from selected lines

Tabify region

Turns leading stretches of spaces into tabs

Untabify region

Turn all tabs into the right number of spaces

Expand word

Expand the word you have typed to match another word in the same buffer; repeat to get a different expansion

Format Paragraph

Reformat the current blank-line-separated paragraph

Import module

Import or reload the current module

Run script

Execute the current file in the __main__ namespace

24.6.1.3. Windows menu ¶

Zoom Height

toggles the window between normal size (24x80) and maximum height.

The rest of this menu lists the names of all open windows; select one to bring it to the foreground (deiconifying it if necessary).

24.6.1.4. Debug menu ¶

• in the Python Shell window only

Go to file/line

Look around the insert point for a filename and line number, open the file, and show the line. Useful to view the source lines referenced in an exception traceback.

Debugger

Run commands in the shell under the debugger.

Stack viewer

Show the stack traceback of the last exception.

Auto-open Stack Viewer

Open stack viewer on traceback.

24.6.1.5. Edit context menu ¶

• Right-click in Edit window (Control-click on OS X)

剪切

Copy selection into system-wide clipboard; then delete selection

拷贝

Copy selection into system-wide clipboard

粘贴

Insert system-wide clipboard into window

Set Breakpoint

Sets a breakpoint. Breakpoints are only enabled when the debugger is open.

Clear Breakpoint

Clears the breakpoint on that line.

24.6.1.6. Shell context menu ¶

• Right-click in Python Shell window (Control-click on OS X)

剪切

Copy selection into system-wide clipboard; then delete selection

拷贝

Copy selection into system-wide clipboard

粘贴

Insert system-wide clipboard into window

Go to file/line

Same as in Debug menu.

24.6.2. Basic editing and navigation ¶

• Backspace deletes to the left; Del deletes to the right
• Arrow keys and Page 向上 / Page Down to move around
• 首页 / End go to begin/end of line
• C-Home / C-End go to begin/end of file
• 某些 Emacs bindings may also work, including C-B , C-P , C-A , C-E , C-D , C-L

24.6.2.1. Automatic indentation ¶

After a block-opening statement, the next line is indented by 4 spaces (in the Python Shell window by one tab). After certain keywords (break, return etc.) the next line is dedented. In leading indentation, Backspace deletes up to 4 spaces if they are there. Tab inserts 1-4 spaces (in the Python Shell window one tab). See also the indent/dedent region commands in the edit menu.

24.6.2.2. Python Shell window ¶

• C-C interrupts executing command
• C-D sends end-of-file; closes window if typed at a >>> prompt
• Alt-p retrieves previous command matching what you have typed
• Alt-n retrieves next
• 返回 while on any previous command retrieves that command
• Alt-/ (Expand word) is also useful here

24.6.3. Syntax colors ¶

The coloring is applied in a background “thread,” so you may occasionally see uncolorized text. To change the color scheme, edit the [Colors] 章节在 config.txt .

Python syntax colors:

关键词

orange

字符串

green

注释

red

Definitions

blue

Shell colors:

Console output

brown

stdout

blue

stderr

dark green

stdin

black

24.6.4. Startup ¶

Upon startup with the -s option, IDLE will execute the file referenced by the environment variables IDLESTARTUP or PYTHONSTARTUP . Idle first checks for IDLESTARTUP ；若 IDLESTARTUP is present the file referenced is run. If IDLESTARTUP is not present, Idle checks for PYTHONSTARTUP . Files referenced by these environment variables are convenient places to store functions that are used frequently from the Idle shell, or for executing import statements to import common modules.

此外， Tk also loads a startup file if it is present. Note that the Tk file is loaded unconditionally. This additional file is .Idle.py and is looked for in the user’s home directory. Statements in this file will be executed in the Tk namespace, so this file is not useful for importing functions to be used from Idle’s Python shell.

24.6.4.1. Command line usage ¶

idle.py [-c command] [-d] [-e] [-s] [-t title] [arg] ...
-c command  run this command
-d          enable debugger
-e          edit mode; arguments are files to be edited
-s          run $IDLESTARTUP or $PYTHONSTARTUP first
-t title    set title of shell window
					

If there are arguments:

1. 若 -e is used, arguments are files opened for editing and sys.argv reflects the arguments passed to IDLE itself.
2. Otherwise, if -c is used, all arguments are placed in sys.argv[1:...] ，采用 sys.argv[0] 设为 '-c' .
3. Otherwise, if neither -e nor -c is used, the first argument is a script which is executed with the remaining arguments in sys.argv[1:...] and sys.argv[0] set to the script name. If the script name is ‘-‘, no script is executed but an interactive Python session is started; the arguments are still available in sys.argv .