20. 互联网协议和支持 ¶

此章描述的模块实现 Internet 协议和相关技术支持。它们都是以 Python 实现的。这些模块中的大多数要求存在系统从属模块 socket ，目前大多数流行平台都支持。这里是概述：

20.1. webbrowser — 方便的 Web 浏览器控制器
- 20.1.1. Browser Controller Objects
20.2. cgi — CGI (通用网关接口) 支持
- 20.2.1. Introduction
- 20.2.2. Using the cgi module
- 20.2.3. Higher Level Interface
- 20.2.4. Old classes
- 20.2.5. Functions
- 20.2.6. Caring about security
- 20.2.7. Installing your CGI script on a Unix system
- 20.2.8. Testing your CGI script
- 20.2.9. Debugging CGI scripts
- 20.2.10. Common problems and solutions
20.3. cgitb — CGI 脚本的回溯管理器
20.4. wsgiref — WSGI 实用程序和参考实现
- 20.4.1. wsgiref.util – WSGI 环境实用程序
- 20.4.2. wsgiref.headers – WSGI 响应头工具
- 20.4.3. wsgiref.simple_server – 简单 WSGI HTTP 服务器
- 20.4.4. wsgiref.validate — WSGI 一致性检查器
- 20.4.5. wsgiref.handlers – 服务器/网关基类
- 20.4.6. Examples
20.5. urllib — 按 URL 打开任意资源
- 20.5.1. High-level interface
- 20.5.2. Utility functions
- 20.5.3. URL Opener objects
- 20.5.4. urllib 限定
- 20.5.5. Examples
20.6. urllib2 — 用于打开 URL 的可扩展库
- 20.6.1. Request Objects
- 20.6.2. OpenerDirector Objects
- 20.6.3. BaseHandler Objects
- 20.6.4. HTTPRedirectHandler Objects
- 20.6.5. HTTPCookieProcessor Objects
- 20.6.6. ProxyHandler Objects
- 20.6.7. HTTPPasswordMgr Objects
- 20.6.8. AbstractBasicAuthHandler Objects
- 20.6.9. HTTPBasicAuthHandler Objects
- 20.6.10. ProxyBasicAuthHandler Objects
- 20.6.11. AbstractDigestAuthHandler Objects
- 20.6.12. HTTPDigestAuthHandler Objects
- 20.6.13. ProxyDigestAuthHandler Objects
- 20.6.14. HTTPHandler Objects
- 20.6.15. HTTPSHandler Objects
- 20.6.16. FileHandler Objects
- 20.6.17. FTPHandler Objects
- 20.6.18. CacheFTPHandler Objects
- 20.6.19. UnknownHandler Objects
- 20.6.20. HTTPErrorProcessor Objects
- 20.6.21. Examples
20.7. httplib — HTTP 协议客户端
- 20.7.1. HTTPConnection Objects
- 20.7.2. HTTPResponse Objects
- 20.7.3. Examples
20.8. ftplib — FTP (文件传输协议) 客户端
- 20.8.1. FTP Objects
- 20.8.2. FTP_TLS Objects
20.9. poplib — POP3 协议客户端
- 20.9.1. POP3 Objects
- 20.9.2. POP3 Example
20.10. imaplib — IMAP4 协议客户端
- 20.10.1. IMAP4 Objects
- 20.10.2. IMAP4 Example
20.11. nntplib — NNTP (网络新闻传输协议) 客户端
- 20.11.1. NNTP Objects
20.12. smtplib — SMTP (简单邮件传输协议) 客户端
- 20.12.1. SMTP Objects
- 20.12.2. SMTP Example
20.13. smtpd — SMTP (简单邮件传输协议) 服务器
- 20.13.1. SMTPServer Objects
- 20.13.2. DebuggingServer Objects
- 20.13.3. PureProxy Objects
- 20.13.4. MailmanProxy Objects
20.14. telnetlib — Telnet 客户端
- 20.14.1. Telnet Objects
- 20.14.2. Telnet Example
20.15. uuid — UUID 对象根据 RFC 4122
- 20.15.1. Example
20.16. urlparse — 将 URL 剖析成组件
- 20.16.1. Results of urlparse() and urlsplit()
20.17. SocketServer — 网络服务器框架
- 20.17.1. Server Creation Notes
- 20.17.2. Server Objects
- 20.17.3. RequestHandler Objects
- 20.17.4. Examples
20.18. BaseHTTPServer — 基本 HTTP 服务器
- 20.18.1. More examples
20.19. SimpleHTTPServer — 简单 HTTP 请求处理程序
20.20. CGIHTTPServer — 支持 CGI 的 HTTP 请求处理程序
20.21. cookielib — 用于 HTTP 客户端的 Cookie 处理
- 20.21.1. CookieJar and FileCookieJar Objects
- 20.21.2. FileCookieJar subclasses and co-operation with web browsers
- 20.21.3. CookiePolicy Objects
- 20.21.4. DefaultCookiePolicy Objects
- 20.21.5. Cookie Objects
- 20.21.6. Examples
20.22. Cookie — HTTP 状态管理
- 20.22.1. Cookie Objects
- 20.22.2. Morsel Objects
- 20.22.3. Example
20.23. xmlrpclib — XML-RPC 客户端访问
- 20.23.1. ServerProxy Objects
- 20.23.2. Boolean Objects
- 20.23.3. DateTime Objects
- 20.23.4. Binary Objects
- 20.23.5. Fault Objects
- 20.23.6. ProtocolError Objects
- 20.23.7. MultiCall Objects
- 20.23.8. Convenience Functions
- 20.23.9. Example of Client Usage
- 20.23.10. Example of Client and Server Usage
20.24. SimpleXMLRPCServer — 基本 XML-RPC 服务器
- 20.24.1. SimpleXMLRPCServer Objects
  - 20.24.1.1. SimpleXMLRPCServer Example
- 20.24.2. CGIXMLRPCRequestHandler
20.25. DocXMLRPCServer — 自文档 XML-RPC 服务器
- 20.25.1. DocXMLRPCServer Objects
- 20.25.2. DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler

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19.15. xml.parsers.expat — 使用 Expat 快速剖析 XML

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20.1. webbrowser — 方便的 Web 浏览器控制器

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